Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

CAS NO. 109-99-9

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Product Description

Product Name	Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Synonyms: Oxolane; 1,4-Epoxybutane; Tetramethylene Oxide
CAS No.	109-99-9
Formula and Molecular Weight	C4H8O (Molecular Weight: 72.11)
Chemical Structure
Product Type	BHT-Stabilized High-Purity Cyclic Ether Solvent
Typical Specification	Appearance: Clear, colorless, volatile liquid Assay (GC): ≥99.95% Water: ≤100 mg/kg (ppm) Color (Pt-Co/APHA): ≤5 Peroxides (as H2O2): ≤50 mg/kg (ppm) Stabilizer (BHT): 180–250 mg/kg (ppm)
Reference Properties	Density (20°C): Approximately 0.886–0.889 g/cm³ Boiling Point: Approximately 66°C Flash Point: Approximately −14°C (closed cup, reference value) Solubility: Miscible with water and capable of dissolving many polar and non-polar organic materials Stability: Highly flammable; hazardous peroxides may form during prolonged contact with air
Key Applications	PTMEG and Elastomers: A key raw material for polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), which is used in spandex fibers, polyurethane elastomers and other high-performance elastic materials. Reaction Solvent: Used as a coordinating solvent for Grignard reactions, organometallic chemistry, reductions and other fine-chemical synthesis processes. Pharmaceutical and Fine-Chemical Processing: Used as a process solvent, reaction medium or extraction solvent in pharmaceutical intermediate and API synthesis. Suitability depends on the customer's process and regulatory requirements. PVC Cements: Used in solvent-based PVC cements, pipe-jointing adhesives and related cleaning systems. Coatings, Inks and Resins: Used in coatings, printing inks, films, industrial resins and elastomer formulations.
Packaging, Storage and Transport	Packaging: Iron drums or ISO tanks, subject to order quantity and shipping conditions. Storage: Keep the container tightly closed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated designated area. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, static discharge and strong oxidizing agents. Minimize contact with air and monitor peroxide levels according to the applicable handling procedure. Safety: Highly flammable and capable of forming hazardous peroxides. Do not distill to dryness. Read the batch-specific SDS and apply suitable engineering controls and personal protective equipment before handling. Transport: Common transport information is UN 2056, Class 3, Packing Group II. Final classification and declaration must follow the applicable batch SDS, package size, transport mode and destination regulations.

Looking for BHT-Stabilized High-Purity THF?Tell us your application, target water content, peroxide limit, BHT range, packaging and required quantity. Royalchem can provide batch-specific COA, SDS and specification confirmation for your supply evaluation.
Related solvents: DMSO, Acetonitrile and NMP.

THF Applications and Selection Criteria

Application	Function	Key Parameters
PTMEG, Spandex and Polyurethane	Polymer feedstock for elastic-material value chains	Assay, water, color, peroxides, stabilizer and batch consistency
Grignard and Organometallic Reactions	Coordinating reaction solvent	Water, peroxides and whether BHT affects the specific reaction
Pharmaceutical and Fine-Chemical Synthesis	Reaction medium, process solvent or extraction solvent	Impurity profile, water, residual-solvent control, traceability and regulatory suitability
PVC Cements, Coatings and Inks	Dissolution, formulation and evaporation control	Solvency, color, water, evaporation rate and packaging

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Tetrahydrofuran?	Tetrahydrofuran (THF, CAS 109-99-9) is a cyclic ether solvent. It is a clear, volatile liquid at room temperature, is miscible with water and is widely used in polymer production and organic synthesis.
Why is BHT added to THF?	THF may form hazardous peroxides during prolonged storage in contact with air. BHT is added as a stabilizer to help inhibit peroxide formation and accumulation, but it does not replace correct storage and periodic monitoring.
Can this grade be used directly in Grignard reactions?	Water, peroxide and BHT limits must be evaluated against the specific reaction. For moisture- or inhibitor-sensitive chemistry, the customer should verify whether this stabilized grade is suitable rather than relying only on the assay.
What is the difference between stabilized THF and inhibitor-free anhydrous THF?	This page describes BHT-stabilized high-purity THF. Inhibitor-free anhydrous grades are intended for applications that are more sensitive to moisture or stabilizers and require different manufacturing, packaging, storage and handling controls. The two grades should not be treated as interchangeable.
How should THF be stored?	Store tightly closed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated flammable-liquid storage area. Keep away from ignition sources and strong oxidizing agents, minimize exposure to air and monitor peroxide levels according to site procedures. THF that may contain peroxides must not be distilled to dryness.
Is THF regulated as dangerous goods?	Yes. Common transport information is UN 2056, Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group II. The actual shipment must follow the relevant batch SDS, packaging, transport mode and destination regulations.
What documents can Royalchem provide?	Batch-specific COA, SDS and specification confirmation can be provided according to the product and order. Please identify any special requirements for water, peroxides, BHT or particular impurities when requesting a quotation.